1. Different Meanings of Development 🌍🔄

• Development means different things to different people. 🤔🔄
• Some see development as higher income and better jobs. 💰💼
• Others may focus on better education, healthcare, and a cleaner environment. 🎓🏥🌿
• Countries are often called developed or underdeveloped, but the criteria used vary. 📊🌎
• Before deciding, we must understand how comparisons are made. 📏⚖️

2. How Do We Compare? 🔎📊

• When comparing, we look for both similarities and differences. ⚖️🔄
• In a classroom, students can be compared based on:
  • Height – Some students are taller than others. 📏📈
  • Health – Some are physically fit, while others may have health issues. 💪🏥
  • Talents – Some excel in sports, while others shine in academics or music. 🏆🎓🎶
  • Interests – Students have different hobbies and passions. 🎨🎮📚
• The purpose of comparison determines the criteria we use:
  • A sports team needs strong and fast players. ⚽🏃‍♂️
  • A debate team needs students with good speaking skills. 🎤🗣️
  • A music team needs singers or instrumentalists. 🎼🎸🎹
• When considering overall progress, we must decide the most important characteristics for comparison. 📌🔬

3. Choosing the Right Criteria for Comparison ✅⚖️

• Different people have different opinions on what matters most in a comparison. 🗣️💬
• Some may value friendliness and cooperation among individuals. 🤝😊
• Others may focus on creativity or academic marks as more important measures. 🎨📚
• When comparing countries, the question arises: What should we use to compare countries’ development? 🌍🤔

4. Income as a Measure of Development 💰📈

• One common way to compare countries is by looking at their income levels. 💵🔍
• Higher income is often seen as an indicator of more development and economic growth. 📊🏗️
• The reasoning is that higher income means people can afford more goods and services they need for a good quality of life. 🏠🍎🎓

5. What is the Income of a Country? 🌍💵

• A country’s income refers to the total income of all its residents combined. 💰👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

• However, total income alone is not very useful for comparisons, as countries have different population sizes. 🌍👥

• To make fair comparisons, we use average income (per capita income), which is calculated by dividing the total income by the country’s total population:

  text{Per Capita Income} = frac{text{Total Income of the Country}}{text{Total Population}} ] 📊📉

6. World Bank Classification of Countries 🌎🏦

• The World Bank classifies countries based on their per capita income. 🏦📚
• In 2019, the World Bank’s classification looked like this:
  • Rich countries had a per capita income of $49,300 or more. 💰🌟
  • Low-income countries had a per capita income of $2,500 or less. 📉🆘
  • India had a per capita income of $6,700, placing it in the low-middle-income category. 🇮🇳💵
• Developed countries typically have higher per capita incomes, and they include many wealthy nations, excluding a few Middle Eastern and small countries. 🌍💼