About Lesson
- Growth and Distribution of Factory Industries After the War 🏭📊
- Factory industries grew steadily after the war but remained a small part of the overall economy.
- Large industries were mainly located in Bengal and Bombay, where the industrial centers were concentrated. 🏙️
- Despite factory growth, small-scale production still dominated across India, especially in rural and suburban areas. 🌾
- Only a small percentage of total industrial production came from large factories, while the majority was produced in small workshops and household units. 🏠
- In areas like Bengal and Bombay, factories focused on textiles, jute, and other manufacturing, driving industrial growth. 🧵
- Small-scale industries continued to play a significant role, with production taking place in alleys, bylanes, and villages, invisible to the larger industrial world. 🌍
- The growth of large industries was still limited, and small workshops were critical for local production and meeting domestic needs. 🏡
- Industrialization was uneven, with some regions having large factories, while others continued with traditional methods of production.
- Despite the rise of large industries, small-scale industries were still essential to India’s economy and integral to its industrial progress. 🚶♀️
- Proportion of Industrial Labor in Registered Factories 📉💼
- A small proportion of industrial labor worked in registered factories.
- In 1911, only 5% of industrial labor was employed in registered factories. 🏭
- By 1931, this number grew to 10%, but it was still a small share. 📈
- Most workers were employed in small workshops or household units, not in big factories. 🏠
- These small production units were often located in hidden alleys and bylanes, away from the public eye. 🌆
- The majority of workers in India were part of the informal sector, not officially registered. 🔍
- This shows how small-scale production continued to dominate the industry.
- Even though factories grew, small workshops remained crucial for production. 🧵
- Expansion of Handicrafts and the Handloom Sector 🧵🧶
- Despite challenges, handicraft production grew, especially in the handloom sector. 🧵
- The production of handloom cloth almost tripled between 1900 and 1940. 📈
- Weavers continued to thrive, even though machine-made thread wiped out the spinning industry.
- Handloom cloth remained in demand due to its unique quality and traditional appeal. 🌾
- While industrialization surged, weaving as a craft found ways to survive and expand. 💪
- The growth of handlooms shows the resilience of traditional industries, adapting to changing times.
- The handloom sector became a significant part of India’s industrial landscape despite competition from mills. 🏭
- This expansion was supported by innovations that helped improve productivity without increasing costs. 🔧
- Technological Innovations in Handloom Production 🔧🧵
- Handicraft workers embraced new technology to boost production without increasing costs. 🛠️
- The fly shuttle loom was introduced, which made weaving faster and more efficient. ⚡
- The fly shuttle loom helped reduce labor demand while speeding up production. ⏩
- By 1941, over 35% of handlooms were equipped with fly shuttles. 🌍
- Regions like Travancore, Madras, and Bengal saw up to 70-80% of handlooms using fly shuttles. 🏙️
- These technological changes increased productivity and gave handloom weavers an edge in the market. 💡
- Small innovations continued to help weavers compete with larger mill industries.
- The introduction of fly shuttles demonstrated how traditional industries adapted to modern technologies. 💻
- Challenges Faced by Weavers and Craftspeople ⚖️💪
- Weavers producing coarse cloth faced unstable demand, while those making fine cloth saw more steady demand. 📉
- The demand for coarse cloth fluctuated, especially during bad harvests and famines, when the rural poor couldn’t afford it. 🌾
- Fine cloth, such as Banarasi saris and Madras lungis, maintained a stable market even during tough times. 👗
- Mills couldn’t easily replicate specialized weaves like intricate saris or handwoven fabrics. 🧵
- Despite their challenges, weavers and craftspeople played a crucial role in the industrialization process. 🏭
- They lived hard lives, working long hours and often involving the entire household in production. 🏠
- Despite difficulties, they remained vital to the economy, showing the resilience of traditional industries. 💪